Mitigating Circumstances
In the conclusion of her 1999 book, Humanitarian Crises, Jennifer Leaving postulates:
An extended period after intervention awaits acknowledgment and definition by the international community. This period, referred to as the “gray period of chronic insecurity” by USAID officials may persist for months or years [emphasis added]. The challenge of stabilization during this period includes deciding among a number of economic and security options: peace enhancement or crisis resolution; whether or not to disarm the population; policy regarding demobilization and reentry of soldiers and militia from border areas; maintenance of an ongoing external security presence or helping to establish an internal one; and whether or not to support, with expertise and finances, a process of trials or truth commissions. Time is frequently of the essence, in that the stakes of not succeeding in reinstituting some acceptable semblance of the rule of law can be very high.
I’m not going to pretend that looking through this book for forty-five minutes has made me an instant expert on the subject, but I think it’s safe to assume that this is where the U.S. now stands in Iraq—albeit at a much larger scale than the book exemplified using Haiti, Rwanda, Somalia, and a handful of others. Clearly, the hardest parts of this war for the liberation of a nation, and how we will ultimately measure its success or failure rest in the delicate (and diametrically opposed) balance of diplomacy, bureaucracy, intervention, and humanitarian aid.



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